Addiction is a complex brain disorder characterized by compulsive substance use in spite of knowing the harmful effects. People can become addicted to a number of substances, the common ones being:
Impaired Control: A craving or strong urge to use the substance; desire or failed attempts to cut down or control substance use
Social Problems: Substance use causes failure of completion of major tasks at work, school or home with social, work or leisure activities given-up or cutback because of substance use
Risky Use: Substance is used in risky settings; continued use despite known problems
Drug Effects: Tolerance (need for larger amounts to get the same effect); withdrawal symptoms (different for each substance)
These substances alter the functioning of the brain by altering the brain’s circuits, with the changes in brain’s circuit being responsible for craving, withdrawal and impaired decision making. Substance dependence causes distortion of thought, behaviour and action.
One cannot stop taking the substance by himself/ herself if the person has become addicted to it and must seek help to get rid of dependence at the earliest. Treatment includes psychological assessment and medical management. Detoxification followed by maintenance therapy is required for most patients.